"Exploring Chinese Society and Culture" delves into the diverse and complex themes of modern China. We examine the country's social and economic changes, its growing global influence, and the various perspectives on China's development and governance. Our compendium covers topics such as social welfare, gender, ethnicity, and the role of the Communist Party and the State. We provide detailed accounts of social changes, from causal processes to the political dynamics of right-wing populism and the causes of major technological disasters. Since the founding of the Communist Party in 1921, China's ethnic relations have continuously evolved. We discuss the impact of ethnic minorities and intra-ethnic relations on the nation. We also explore the framework of urban and rural society in transitional China, examining how family background affects children's academic achievement. Additional chapters focus on cultural sociology, market disputes, government intervention, and the measurement invariance across gender and age among Chinese adolescents. We also investigate the motivations and forms of practicing CSR in art and culture in China, highlighting the driving factors behind corporate engagement in cultural initiatives.