From this classic of ancient history emerged the great enigma of Tartessos, considered the oldest and most brilliant civilization of the West and the only great autochthonous political creation of the Iberian Peninsula. The work Tartessos by Adolf Schulten is the maximum expression of a tenacious erudite and literary intuition that established the bases so that, later, history, archaeology and chance would provide us with the most precise vision that we have today of the Tartessian civilization. Schulten devoted thirty years to field research, with the ambition of emulating Schliemann, the discoverer of Troy. Although he failed to locate the main Tartessian city, he succeeded in resurrecting the ancient myth more vividly than ever. The work captivated the public by the fluidity of the story and the mystery and passion with which he approached the subject. Its translation became a resounding success that, although it overshadowed for years any scientific approach to the subject, contributed to the extraordinary promotion of studies on the Tartessian culture both inside and outside the peninsula. This discovery of Tartessos attracted, and still attracts today, the attention of a great number of readers. It is an essential work for anyone who wants to enter into the knowledge of Tartessos.