Miroslaw Pawlak is Professor of English at the Faculty of Pedagogy and Fine Arts, Adam Mickiewicz University, Kalisz, Poland, and the Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, State University of Applied Sciences, Konin, Poland. His research interests include grammar instruction, corrective feedback, individual differences factors and classroom interaction.

Mariusz Kruk, Ph.D., works at the University of Zielona Góra, Poland. His main areas of interest include individual difference variables (e.g., boredom, motivation, anxiety) and the application of technology in foreign language learning and teaching.