For centuries, women have been involved in science, medicine, biology, research and discoveries, yet few have received the acknowledgement and recognition that they deserve. Some have worked with a spouse, some have worked in a university or research center, and some have chanced upon a number of insights which have revolutionized science and biology as well as microbiology. This book delves into the lives and times of many women who have contributed to isotopes, viruses, leprosy, treatments such as streptomycin, and realms such as malaria and pulsars. How these women achieved so much, sometimes against tremendous odds, is amazing in and of itself. We have attempted to look at a number of women, from various countries around the world, who have achieved eminence and fame. Sadly, some have been neglected and we have attempted to highlight those whose contributions need to receive more recognition and respect. In this day and age of female achievement, these women are stellar examples of fortitude and achievement for young girls and adolescents to emulate. Reading about the work and achievements of these famous and not-so-famous women may supply hope and encouragement and motivate females to achieve their fullest potential.