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Kautilya, also known as Chanakya or Vishnugupta, was an ancient Indian scholar and statesman who authored the 'Arthashastra', a seminal text in political science and economics. Kautilya's life dates are not precisely known but are estimated to be around the 4th century BCE. He served as the chief advisor to Chandragupta Maurya, the founder of the Mauryan Empire, a key figure in the consolidation of the empire, and played a pivotal role in the overthrow of the Nanda dynasty. The 'Arthashastra', translated as 'The science of wealth' or 'The science of political economy', is a comprehensive guide on statecraft, economic policy, military strategy, and the duties of a ruler. Comprising fifteen books, it demonstrates Kautilya's grasp of various subjects through its treatise on administration, law, governance, and diplomacy, and reflects a pragmatic approach to running a kingdom. It draws upon various schools of philosophy and ethics, yet it is essentially utilitarian in nature, with its aim being to promote the prosperity and stability of the state. Kautilya's work had a profound influence on Indian political thought and was rediscovered in the early 20th century, which renewed interest in his strategic and economic theories. His ideas on governance, particularly the importance of ethical and efficient administration, continue to be studied and admired.
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