Health is like wealth, we never have a true idea of its value until we lose it. The goal of Health science is the improvement of human and animal health through scientific research. Health science encompasses a variety of sub-disciplines all of which relate to the application of science to health. The traditional, western and alternative medicine can be considered in Health science. Because human have always needed to deal with illness, it could be said that Health science has existed for as long as humans have. The field includes the study of medicine, nutrition and other health related issues and the affect they may have on both humans and animals. This book is aimed for researchers; many issues of health and disease management are addressed in this book. The contents of this book are divided into 28 chapters based on the research going on in current health sciences. Some of the authors have elaborated the forms of diseases such as diabetes, cervical cancer, bovine mastitis etc. Authors shared their knowledge on the phytocompounds for the treatment of diseases-effect of antimicrobial activity with Probiotics, synthesis of peptides substitutes, polyherbal formulation for direutic activity, herbal antihelmintics action of Resveratreole in rats, gene characterization of cellulase from lactobacillus sps, Heavy metal activity in rats. The role of medicinal plants in treatment or control of dengue fever, pyretic infection in rats, anti-cancer compounds of certain fruits, studies on leaf extract for treating diabetes in rats and a brief explanation on antimicrobial peptides. Some chapters dealt with environmental issues involving invertebrates. The works in this book are not blindly supporting in the disease management and should not use them for medical treatment. However it will pave the way for new discoveries.