This volume presents the first complete translation of Antonio Gramsci's notes on the concept of subalternity, including the prison notebook devoted to the theme of subaltern social groups. It includes a critical apparatus that clarifies Gramsci's history, culture, and sources and contextualizes these ideas against his earlier writings and letters. Essential reading for all those interested in Gramsci. By skillfully combining a thematic with a philological approach and including relevant notes from the other prison notebooks, the editors reveal the profoundly historical nature of their author's thought. History is never shoehorned into predetermined boxes. Gramsci's theoretical concepts emerge out of history itself.