Charles S. Peirce (1839-1914) was an American philosopher, logician, mathematician, and scientist, sometimes known as "the father of pragmatism.? He was educated as a chemist and employed as a scientist for 30 years. Today he is appreciated largely for his contributions to logic, mathematics, philosophy, scientific methodology, and semiotics and for his founding of pragmatism. Cornelis de Waal is an associate professor at Indiana University and Purdue University Indianapolis. The editor in chief of Transactions of the Charles S. Peirce Society, he lives in Indianapolis.